Alienation occupies a central position in modern philosophical, sociological, and psychological discourse. Its evolution from a psychiatric term denoting severe mental illness to a multifaceted concept encompassing economic, social, and metaphysic...

Alienation occupies a central position in modern philosophical, sociological, and psychological discourse. Its evolution from a psychiatric term denoting severe mental illness to a multifaceted concept encompassing economic, social, and metaphysical dimensions reflects the profound transformations in Western thought over the past two centuries. Contemporary discussions of alienation frequently invoke capitalism as the primary agent of human estrangement. The book explores the growing consciousness of an existential predicament, revealing a progressive development of the sense of helplessness throughout this series of novels.Beckett's view of human predicament, no doubt, incorporates many tenets of existentialism, and he seems more pessimistic than most atheist existentialists but it is important to note that for Beckett, Existentialism may be a 'mood' than a philosophy. And Beckett's novels and his plays communicate a mood rather than a system of ideas, 'But by portraying his characters as extremes Beckett uncovers the relation of modern man's predicament and ridicules his illusions.